{
    "title": "M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de les glaceres: el gel ocult dels Pirineus, amena\u00e7at per l\u2019escalfament clim\u00e0tic",
    "modified_at": "2026-11-12 15:35:45",
    "published_at": "2026-11-12 15:34:00",
    "url": "https://news.lymbus.com/mes-enlla-de-les-glaceres-el-gel-ocult-dels-pirineus-amenacat-per-lescalfament-climatic",
    "short_url": "http://prez.ly/Q6pe",
    "culture": "ca",
    "language": "CA",
    "subtitle": "Quan es parla del gel dels Pirineus, sovint es pensa en les glaceres que encara sobreviuen als cims m\u00e9s elevats. Per\u00f2 una part del gel de l\u2019alta muntanya s\u2019amaga sota la superf\u00edcie, entre les roques i els sediments. \u00c9s el cas del permafrost, el terreny que es mant\u00e9 congelat durant almenys dos anys consecutius i que pot contenir gel al seu interior. Invisible des de l\u2019exterior, aquest gel subterrani \u00e9s un dels elements que condicionen la din\u00e0mica de l\u2019alta muntanya i que poden veure\u2019s afectats per l\u2019escalfament clim\u00e0tic.",
    "slug": "mes-enlla-de-les-glaceres-el-gel-ocult-dels-pirineus-amenacat-per-lescalfament-climatic",
    "body": "<p>Per con&egrave;ixer millor la pres&egrave;ncia d&rsquo;aquest gel subterrani i entendre com respon a l&rsquo;escalfament clim&agrave;tic, el projecte cient&iacute;fic transfronterer <strong>Permapyrenees</strong> ha reunit equips de recerca de Catalunya, Arag&oacute;, Andorra i Fran&ccedil;a. Liderat per la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), el projecte compta amb la participaci&oacute; de la Kilian Jornet Foundation, Andorra Recerca + Innovaci&oacute; (AR+I), el Centre Tecnol&ograve;gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), l&rsquo;Institut Pirinenc d&rsquo;Ecologia del CSIC (IPE-CSIC), el centre franc&egrave;s CEREMA i la Universitat de Perpiny&agrave; Via Domitia (UPVD). La iniciativa est&agrave; cofinan&ccedil;ada per la Uni&oacute; Europea a trav&eacute;s del programa Interreg POCTEFA.</p><p>La recerca s&rsquo;ha desenvolupat en diferents sectors de l&rsquo;alta muntanya pirinenca, amb estudis i perforacions a Besiberri, el circ de Pessons (Clots de la Menera), el Vignemale, Ardiden, el Mont Perdut, la Pica d&rsquo;Estats i la Maladeta. Mitjan&ccedil;ant perforacions de fins a 15 metres de profunditat, mesures de temperatura, prospeccions geof&iacute;siques i observacions per sat&egrave;l&middot;lit, els equips han investigat la distribuci&oacute; del permafrost, les caracter&iacute;stiques del gel subterrani i els possibles efectes de la seva degradaci&oacute;.</p><div\n    id='gallery-40180b44-ae92-49f9-b3dc-0d4fd26321af'\n    class='release-content-gallery release-content-gallery--layout-contained'\n    data-component='chromatic-gallery,image-zoom-popup'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-padding='S'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-thumbnail-size='XS'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-captions='data:application/json,true'\n    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b24iOiJcdTAwYTlfYXZpc3VhbHMiLCJkYXRhLW9yaWdpbmFsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Nkbi51Yy5hc3NldHMucHJlemx5LmNvbVwvZmZmOTg2YWQtMzIwNC00MTYzLWEwYTItYzU2NjY0MTM1MDY3XC8tXC9pbmxpbmVcL25vXC9EU0MwMDUxNy5qcGcifX1d'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-force-full-width='data:application/json,true'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-expand-icon='data:text/plain;base64,PHN2ZyBjbGFzcz0iaWNvbiBpY29uLWV4cGFuZCI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8dXNlIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNpY29uLWV4cGFuZCI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvc3ZnPg=='\n    data-image-zoom-popup-selector='.chromatic-gallery__photo'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-i18n='data:application/json;base64,eyJEb3dubG9hZCI6IkRvd25sb2FkIn0='\n    data-image-zoom-popup-tracking-view-event='Story Image View'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-tracking-download-event='Story Image Download'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-placement='content'\n></div><h4 id=\"un-gel-subterrani-especialment-vulnerable\" ><strong>Un gel subterrani especialment vulnerable</strong></h4><p>Un dels resultats m&eacute;s rellevants del projecte &eacute;s que, en diversos sectors estudiats, la temperatura del terreny es troba molt a prop dels 0 &deg;C, fet que situa el permafrost en una situaci&oacute; de vulnerabilitat davant l&rsquo;escalfament clim&agrave;tic. A Besiberri, per exemple, s&rsquo;han registrat temperatures pr&agrave;cticament de 0 &deg;C a partir dels 3,5 metres de profunditat. Aquestes condicions evidencien la proximitat del subs&ograve;l al seu llindar de congelaci&oacute; i la seva sensibilitat davant petits increments de temperatura, tot i que encara no es disposa de s&egrave;ries temporals prou llargues per quantificar-ne l&rsquo;evoluci&oacute;.</p><p>La recerca ha confirmat tamb&eacute; la pres&egrave;ncia de permafrost en parets rocoses d&rsquo;alta muntanya, com les de l&rsquo;Aneto i el Vignemale, i ha identificat indicis de gel enterrat sota acumulacions de blocs rocosos. En alguns antics circs glacials, aquest gel podria tenir un origen glacial i haver quedat preservat sota gruixudes capes de materials rocosos.</p><p>Un dels exemples m&eacute;s significatius es troba als <strong>Clots de la Menera, a Andorra, entre els 2.400 i els 2.500 metres d&rsquo;altitud</strong>, on un estudi liderat per l&rsquo;equip de la UB, amb participaci&oacute; d&rsquo;AR+I, ha identificat masses de gel enterrat que s&rsquo;han mantingut preservades malgrat les condicions actuals d&rsquo;escalfament. El descobriment evidencia que el gel subterrani pot persistir en indrets on, per les condicions clim&agrave;tiques, no s&#039;esperaria necess&agrave;riament trobar-lo.</p><p><em>&laquo;Durant molts anys, el permafrost ha estat un dels grans desconeguts dels Pirineus. Ara sabem que &eacute;s m&eacute;s complex i probablement m&eacute;s extens del que pens&agrave;vem&raquo;, </em>explica Marc Oliva, investigador de la UB i coordinador cient&iacute;fic de Permapyrenees.<em> &laquo;Per&ograve; tamb&eacute; sabem que en molts indrets es troba molt a prop del llindar de desaparici&oacute;. Entendre com evoluciona &eacute;s fonamental per anticipar els canvis que experimentar&agrave; l&rsquo;alta muntanya durant les pr&ograve;ximes d&egrave;cades&raquo;.</em></p><p>Els resultats tamb&eacute; evidencien que el permafrost no es distribueix &uacute;nicament en funci&oacute; de l&rsquo;altitud. Tot i que s&rsquo;ha localitzat generalment a partir dels 2.800 metres en condicions favorables, i en algunes glaceres rocalloses a partir dels 2.500 metres, factors com l&rsquo;orientaci&oacute; dels vessants, la geologia i les caracter&iacute;stiques del relleu tamb&eacute; en condicionen la pres&egrave;ncia. La seva distribuci&oacute; &eacute;s, per tant, molt m&eacute;s irregular i complexa del que es podria deduir &uacute;nicament a partir de l&rsquo;altitud o de la temperatura de l&rsquo;aire.</p><div\n    id='gallery-ccae9576-a1ca-4e92-addb-55fd6ba1baaa'\n    class='release-content-gallery release-content-gallery--layout-contained'\n    data-component='chromatic-gallery,image-zoom-popup'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-padding='S'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-thumbnail-size='XS'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-captions='data:application/json,true'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-photos='data:application/json;base64,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'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-force-full-width='data:application/json,true'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-expand-icon='data:text/plain;base64,PHN2ZyBjbGFzcz0iaWNvbiBpY29uLWV4cGFuZCI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8dXNlIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNpY29uLWV4cGFuZCI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvc3ZnPg=='\n    data-image-zoom-popup-selector='.chromatic-gallery__photo'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-i18n='data:application/json;base64,eyJEb3dubG9hZCI6IkRvd25sb2FkIn0='\n    data-image-zoom-popup-tracking-view-event='Story Image View'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-tracking-download-event='Story Image Download'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-placement='content'\n></div><h4 id=\"un-paisatge-que-continua-en-moviment\" ><strong>Un paisatge que continua en moviment</strong></h4><p>La din&agrave;mica del gel subterrani tamb&eacute; es manifesta en les glaceres rocalloses, formacions de blocs que poden contenir gel al seu interior i que es desplacen lentament pendent avall. Un inventari recent a l&rsquo;Alta Noguera Pallaresa ha identificat 230 glaceres rocalloses i 130 l&ograve;buls de protalus, distribu&iuml;ts en diferents sectors de l&rsquo;alta muntanya. Entre les formacions estudiades, 39 presenten moviments residuals, generalment d&rsquo;entre 1 i 3 cent&iacute;metres anuals, amb alguns registres propers als 6 cent&iacute;metres anuals.</p><p>Aquestes observacions permeten constatar que el terreny d&rsquo;alta muntanya no &eacute;s est&agrave;tic i que algunes de les seves formacions continuen evolucionant. Tot i que aquests moviments no confirmen per si mateixos la pres&egrave;ncia de permafrost ni permeten atribuir-ne la causa directament a l&rsquo;escalfament clim&agrave;tic, constitueixen una informaci&oacute; rellevant per comprendre la din&agrave;mica del paisatge pirinenc.</p><div\n    id='gallery-68d5eefa-4416-49c8-90ee-0f3c201ee3be'\n    class='release-content-gallery release-content-gallery--layout-contained'\n    data-component='chromatic-gallery,image-zoom-popup'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-padding='S'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-thumbnail-size='S'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-captions='data:application/json,true'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-photos='data:application/json;base64,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'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-force-full-width='data:application/json,true'\n    data-chromatic-gallery-expand-icon='data:text/plain;base64,PHN2ZyBjbGFzcz0iaWNvbiBpY29uLWV4cGFuZCI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8dXNlIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNpY29uLWV4cGFuZCI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvc3ZnPg=='\n    data-image-zoom-popup-selector='.chromatic-gallery__photo'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-i18n='data:application/json;base64,eyJEb3dubG9hZCI6IkRvd25sb2FkIn0='\n    data-image-zoom-popup-tracking-view-event='Story Image View'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-tracking-download-event='Story Image Download'\n    data-image-zoom-popup-placement='content'\n></div><h4 id=\"una-xarxa-per-seguir-ne-levolucio\" ><strong>Una xarxa per seguir-ne l&rsquo;evoluci&oacute;</strong></h4><p>Un dels principals llegats de Permapyrenees &eacute;s la infraestructura de monitoritzaci&oacute; establerta en sis massissos: Vignemale-Ardiden, Mont Perdut, Maladeta-Aneto, Besiberri, Pica d&rsquo;Estats i Pessons-Menera. Aquesta xarxa permetr&agrave; continuar registrant les temperatures del terreny i estudiar com evoluciona el permafrost al llarg dels pr&ograve;xims anys.</p><p>L&rsquo;objectiu &eacute;s generar s&egrave;ries temporals que permetin quantificar els canvis en la temperatura i l&rsquo;estat del subs&ograve;l, identificar els sectors m&eacute;s vulnerables i comprendre millor la relaci&oacute; entre la degradaci&oacute; del gel subterrani i la din&agrave;mica dels vessants.</p><p>Aquesta informaci&oacute; contribuir&agrave; a millorar el coneixement dels processos que afecten l&rsquo;alta muntanya i a comprendre millor els riscos potencialment associats a la degradaci&oacute; del permafrost, com la inestabilitat dels vessants i els despreniments de roques. En un context d&rsquo;escalfament clim&agrave;tic, con&egrave;ixer aquest gel invisible ser&agrave; cada vegada m&eacute;s important per entendre com evolucionen els Pirineus.</p>",
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